Incomplete Breakdown: a Cathode De-ionization Effect

Design and Simulation of Hot Cathode Ionization Vacuum Gauge with no X-Ray Limitations

In this paper, the MEMS type ionization gauge with no X-Ray limitations has been presented. Having the dimensions of 2.4 mm× 0.8mm × 1.4 mm, the designed gauge is 9000 times smaller than the conventional type and can operate in HV and UHV pressures up to 5×10-9 torr. Operating at the temperature of 750°C, the cathode of proposed gauge is implemented using nickel and works in a way in...

Breakdown of the dipole approximation in strong-field ionization.

We report the breakdown of the electric dipole approximation in the long-wavelength limit in strong-field ionization with linearly polarized few-cycle mid-infrared laser pulses at intensities on the order of 10¹³ W/cm². Photoelectron momentum distributions were recorded by velocity map imaging and projected onto the beam propagation axis. We observe an increasing shift of the peak of this proje...

Nonequilibrium Phase Transitions of Impact Ionization Breakdown in Extrinsic Semiconductors

A complex system may consist of many subsystems. The dimension of the equations used to model such a system may be enormously large. It is well kown that a nonequilibrium complex system may undergo a variety of bifurcations and exhibit diverse types of self-organization behavior. It was found, however, that in the vicinity of a bifurcation point the enormous number of subsystems is governed by ...

letude de la typologie narrative de mort a credit de louis ferdinand celine

چکیده ندارد.

Pressure effect on a tandem hollow cathode discharge in argon